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All About Keratoconus and Its Treatment
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Keratoconus is an eye condition that alters the shape of the cornea, causing it to thin and bulge into a cone-like shape instead of being round. This can lead to blurry vision, distorted images, light sensitivity, and increased nearsightedness or astigmatism. While the exact cause of Keratoconus is not known, it is thought to be a result of both genetic and environmental factors. It typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and can last for several years.
Types of Keratoconus
Early or Mild Keratoconus
In the early stages, the cornea starts to thin and bulge slightly in the early stages. Vision changes may be minimal, and eyeglasses or soft contact lenses can correct the refractive errors caused by the irregular corneal shape.
Moderate Keratoconus
As Keratoconus progresses, the cornea becomes more irregularly shaped, increasing astigmatism and blurry vision. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses are typically prescribed to provide better visual correction by creating a smoother surface for light to enter the eye.
Advanced Keratoconus
In advanced stages, the cornea becomes significantly steep and irregular, causing severe vision distortion and high levels of astigmatism. Contact lenses, such as scleral or hybrid lenses, are often required to improve vision and provide better comfort. These lenses vault over the cornea and rest on the white part of the eye (sclera) to give a more stable fit.
Acute Hydrops
In rare cases, Keratoconus can lead to Acute Hydrops. This occurs when the thin cornea develops a sudden tear or rupture, allowing fluid to enter the cornea and cause sudden vision loss, pain, and swelling. Acute hydrops may require treatment with a unique contact lens, medication, or, in severe cases, surgery.
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FAQs
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What causes Glaucoma?Glaucoma can be caused by factors such as elevated intraocular pressure, impaired blood flow to the optic nerve, genetics, age, certain medical conditions, and certain medications.
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Does Glaucoma only affect elderly people?Glaucoma can affect people of all ages, including infants and young adults, although it is more common in older individuals.
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What are the side effects of Glaucoma treatment?Glaucoma treatment may have minor side effects like stinging, redness, or blurred vision with medications. Surgical interventions carry a small risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or vision changes. Serious complications are rare.